i’m so bad at billiards that i ended up in the hyperbolic plane
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Sources and footnotes:
Professor Schwartz's paper treating the penrose kite, shown in the video: https://arxiv.org/abs/math/0702073
Dr. Lael Edwards-Costa's Interactive Demo: https://lael.dev/billiards
His paper on outer length billiards, a variation of the rules discussed in the video: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2510.11869
His blog post about Outer Billiards which inspired this video: https://structures.uni-heidelberg.de/blog/posts/2024_01_costa/index.php
[1] Tabachnikov (1995), establishing self-similar structure of outer billiards on the regular pentagon: https://www.math.brown.edu/reschwar/M272/advances.pdf
[2] Hughes (2014), on the behavior of regular polygonal tables: https://arxiv.org/pdf/1311.6763
Hughes also provides this website with many beautiful pictures of billiards maps on the regular polygons: https://www.dynamicsofpolygons.org/
This video was inspired by David J. Romano. He's got something cool in the works for y'all in a few months...!
Check him out: https://davidromano.dev
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